中国园林英文版 中国园林英文版图片

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本文目录

1. 中国圆明园的毁灭故事 要翻译成英文版的
2. 红楼梦英文版怎么说
3. 求一份中国园林的历史的英文介绍,最好有翻译。不要太长。。。

中国圆明园的毁灭故事 要翻译成英文版的

0517翻译：圆明园的毁灭（佚名）

Translation: The Destruction of Old Summer Palace(Anonymous)

(translated by: alexcwlin; edited by: Adam Lam)

圆明园的毁灭是祖国文化史上不可估量的损失，也是世界文化史上不可估量的损失！

The destruction of Old Summer Palace is an immeasurable loss in cultural history of our country and the world.

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圆明园在北京西北郊，

The Old Summer Palace was located in the northwest suburban area of Beijing.

是一座举世闻名的皇家园林。它由圆明园、万春园和长春园组成，

It was a world-renowned imperial garden composed of Yuanmingyuan, Garden of Ten-Thousand Springs, and Garden of Eternal Spring.

所以也叫圆明三园。

Therefore it was also called Yuanming Three Gardens.

还有许多小园，分布在圆明园东、西、南三面。众星拱月般环绕在圆明园周围。

In addition, there were many small gardens spreading around the east, west and south sides of Old Summer Palace like a spray of stars accompanying the moon.

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圆明园中，有金碧辉煌的殿堂，也有玲珑剔透的亭台楼阁；有象征着热闹街市的“买卖街”，也有象征着田园风光的山乡村野。

Structures in Old Summer Palace included: glittering palace halls that were golden and green; glistening pagodas, terraces, towers and pavilions that were delicately-crafted;“buy and sell street” that symbolized bustling street markets; wilderness villages that stood for countryside scenes.

园中许多景物都是仿照各地名胜建造的，如，海宁安澜园，苏州的狮子林，杭州西湖的平湖秋月、雷峰夕照；

Many other scenes and buildings in the Garden were modelled after landmarks elsewhere such as: Anlan Garden of Hai Ning, Lion Grove Garden of Suzhou, and West Lake of Hangzhou(specifically Pinghu under autumn moon and Leifeng Pagoda at sunset).

还有很多景物是根据古代诗人的诗情画意建造的，如蓬莱瑶台，武陵春色。

Some theme scenes were constructed according to what some ancient poets conjured up and presented through their poems, such as Fenglai ornamented fairyland terrace and Wuling spring scene.

园中不仅有民族建筑，还有西洋景观。

The Garden not only had ethnic-style buildings; there were western landscapes as well.

漫步园内，有如漫游在天南地北，饱览着中外风景名胜；

Strolling in the Garden would seem like a tour all over the world in sightseeing China and foreign scenery and attractions to your heart’s delight.

流连其间，仿佛置身在幻想的境界里。

Hanging around here would make you feel like staying in fantasy-land.

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圆明园不但建筑宏伟，还收藏着最珍贵的历史文物。

Old Summer Palace not only had splendid buildings, it also collected the most precious historical relics.

上自先秦时代的青铜礼器，下至唐、宋、元、明、清历代的名人书画和各种奇珍异宝。

The collection included: bronze ceremonial vessels of the early Qin Dynasty, celebrities’ calligraphy-works/paintings, valuable treasures from Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, etc.

所以，它又是当时世界上最大的博物馆、艺术馆。

Therefore at that time it was also the largest museum and art gallery in the world.

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1860年10月6日，英法联军侵入北京，闯进圆明园。

On October 6th, 1860, British and French allied force invaded Beijing and broke into Old Summer Palace.

他们把园内凡是能拿走的东西，统统掠走；

All the portable items in the Garden were plundered away by them.

拿不动的，就用大车或牲口搬运；

Those hard-to-move items were transported away by big wagons or animals.

实在运不走的，就任意破坏、毁掉。

The fixtures that practically could not be moved were damaged or destroyed at will.

为了销毁罪证，10月18日和19日，三千多名侵略者奉命在园内放火。

To erase crime evidence on October 18th and 19th, three thousand invaders under order set fire to the Garden.

大火连烧三天，烟云笼罩了整个北京城。

The fire burned for three days, and the entire Beijing was enveloped in smoke.

我国这一园林艺术的瑰宝、建筑艺术的精华，就这样化成了一片灰烬。

Just like that this one treasure of garden arts and the finest of architectural quintessence of our country went up in smoke.

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红楼梦英文版怎么说

1、英文简介

A Dream of Red Mansions, a Chinese ancient chapter novel, also known as Stone Records, has been listed as the first of the four classical works in China.

It is generally believed to be written by Cao Xueqin, a writer of the Qing Dynasty.

With the rise and fall of Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue as the background, and from the perspective of Jia Baoyu, the rich prince.

the novel depicts a group of life patterns of boudoir ladies whose manners and insights are above the eyebrows, and shows the true beauty of humanity and tragedy.

It can be said that it is an epic that shows the beauty of women from all angles.

Dream of Red Mansions is a world influential human relationship novel. It is universally acknowledged as the peak of Chinese classical novel.

the Encyclopedia of Chinese feudal society and the epitome of traditional culture.

2、翻译

《红楼梦》，中国古代章回体长篇小说，又名《石头记》等，被列为中国古典四大名著之首，一般认为是清代作家曹雪芹所著。

小说以贾、史、王、薛四大家族的兴衰为背景，以富贵公子贾宝玉为视角，描绘了一批举止见识出于须眉之上的闺阁佳人的人生百态，展现了真正的人性美和悲剧美，可以说是一部从各个角度展现女性美的史诗。

《红楼梦》是一部具有世界影响力的人情小说，举世公认的中国古典小说巅峰之作，中国封建社会的百科全书，传统文化的集大成者。

扩展资料：

作者介绍：

1、英文介绍

Cao Xueqin was born in Tieling, Liaoning Province. Cao Xueqin was born in Jiangning. Cao Xueqin was born in the Baiqi Baoyi family of the Qing Dynasty Interior Office.

He was the grandson of Jiangning who weaved Cao Yin and the son of Cao Yong.

In his early years, Cao Xueqin lived in Jiangning Weaving House in Nanjing, where he lived a life of rich and beautiful clothes.

Great-grandfather Cao Xi was appointed to weave in Jiangning, and great-grandmother Sun Shi was the nanny of Emperor Kangxi.

Grandfather Cao Yin was the accompanying reader of Emperor Kangxi and the former guard of Emperor Kangxi, later Jiangning weaving.

and also the imperial envoy of salt inspection in Huaihe and Huaihe provinces. He was greatly favored by Emperor Kangxi.

In Yongzheng's six years, Cao's family was convicted of a crime of deficit and was copied. Cao Xueqin moved back to his old residence in Beijing with his family.

Later, he moved to the western suburbs of Beijing and made a living selling paintings and calligraphy and relief from friends. From then on, Cao's family became weak and declining.

After experiencing a major turning point in life, Cao Xueqin was deeply impressed by the coldness of the world and had a more sober and profound understanding of the feudal society.

He despised dignitaries, stayed away from official life and lived in poverty.

Cao Xueqin is liberal in nature and has a wide range of hobbies. He has studied stone, poetry, painting, garden, traditional Chinese medicine, weaving, mending, craftsmanship, diet and so on.

With perseverance and many years of hardship, he finally created a great work of great ideological and artistic quality, Dream of Red Mansions. In his later years, Cao Xueqin moved to the western suburbs of Beijing.

In the twenty-seventh year of Emperor Qianlong's reign, his youngest son died. He was overwhelmed with grief and grief and was bedridden. On the 28th New Year's Eve of Qianlong, he died of poverty and disease.

2、翻译

曹雪芹，名沾，字梦阮，号雪芹，又号芹溪、芹圃，中国古典名著《红楼梦》作者，祖籍辽宁铁岭，生于江宁，曹雪芹出身清代内务府正白旗包衣世家，他是江宁织造曹寅之孙，曹顒之子。

曹雪芹早年在南京江宁织造府亲历了一段锦衣纨绔、富贵风流的生活。曾祖父曹玺任江宁织造；曾祖母孙氏做过康熙帝的保姆。

祖父曹寅做过康熙帝的伴读和御前侍卫，后任江宁织造，兼任两淮巡盐监察御使，极受康熙宠信。

雍正六年，曹家因亏空获罪被抄家，曹雪芹随家人迁回北京老宅。后又移居北京西郊，靠卖字画和朋友救济为生。曹家从此一蹶不振，日渐衰微。

经历了生活中的重大转折，曹雪芹深感世态炎凉，对封建社会有了更清醒、更深刻的认识。他蔑视权贵，远离官场，过着贫困如洗的艰难日子。

曹雪芹素性放达，爱好广泛，对金石、诗书、绘画、园林、中医、织补、工艺、饮食等均有所研究。

他以坚韧不拔的毅力，历经多年艰辛，终于创作出极具思想性、艺术性的伟大作品——《红楼梦》。晚年，曹雪芹移居北京西郊。

乾隆二十七年，幼子夭亡，他陷于过度的忧伤和悲痛，卧床不起。乾隆二十八年除夕，因贫病无医而逝。

参考资料来源：百度百科——红楼梦

求一份中国园林的历史的英文介绍,最好有翻译。不要太长。。。

中国园林建筑艺术是我国灿烂的古代文化的组成部分。它是我国古代劳动人民智慧和创造力的结晶，也是我国古代哲学思想、宗教信仰、文化艺术等综合反映，在历史上却长期为统治阶级和达官贵人所占有享用。 在经历了漫长的历程之后今天已经被我们所继承和发展，而为我国广大人民所享用了。

为了能简要地说明中国园林的发展历史，现根据历史文献和现存古代园林遗址的考察，循其明显的规迹，大致可以分成三个时期来概述之。

(一)先秦及秦汉时期。此时期或可称为“白然时期”，是从“固”到“苑”的发展时期，约相当于距今三四千年的我国社会历史发展的殷商西周时代。旱在原始时代，当人类进人奴隶制社会，先民主要的生产活动是狩猎劝!渔猎，后来慢慢进化到种植定居，驯养了一些野生动物，比如猪、犬、羊等，种植了一些植物，比如禾、麦、稻、获等。这样就出现了圈养、圈种的有一定范围的地方，在甲骨文、糟文、金文中出现了“因、眺(囿)”“鉴、翻(圃)，，等字，随着生产力的进一步提高，有了从事农事、畜牧、手工业制作以及各种杂务劳动的专业奴隶阶层，在解决了生活的劳务后，奴隶主和帝王们就有了足够的时间来进行各种游乐戏嬉，其中包括“狩猎”活动。而那些被选择为狩猎地区的地方，一定是那些禽兽比较集中，山丘或林茂之地，水草丛生之处，这就是成为种植与株、圈养动物的“囿”。根据史料记载，从殷周到秦汉时期这种“囿”的存在和发展，大体具有三个特点:

1.:片地宽广。一般方圆都在几十里、上百里左右，如春秋楚庄王“筑层台……延壤百里，’;

2.工程浩大。囿的周围有界垣，囿内有台屋构筑。

3.人工设施增加。山于狩猎地距离统治中心地较远，不免要

在“囿”内建寝殿屋宇。

这种最早期的“囿”到汉代有了新的发展，它不仅仅是一种自然山林的原始状态的存在，而是日趋专门化了。帝王们在这里建“宫”设“馆”，除了为游猎所需要，增添了寝宫殿宇生活设施，还配置了观赏植物、人工山水等景色，初步具有了“园林”性质，从汉代起它的名称也从古代的“囿”改称“苑”或“苑圈”了。著名的汉武帝的“上林苑”中，有“建章宫”，有“太液池”，周围数百里，盖起宫殿数十个，设置了“射熊馆”、“鹿观”、“虎圈观”等各种动物的圈观，并种植了各地送来的异树花木，如“核桃，，“紫纹桃”等等。不过此时尚处于中国园林发展初期，对于苑囿的布局布置，并无一定规划，仍较多地带有古“囿”的持猎趣味。建筑和山水的安排，也并不融洽有序，奇树异花的种植，只是猎奇罗列，虽然它有了某些园林的性质，开启了日后造园的新生面。总的说，仍是处于自然发展的时期。

(二)唐宋时期。它是我国古典园林的形成时期。由汉代开端的中国园林发展进程，经过东汉、三国、魏晋南北朝到隋代统一中国的过渡，至唐代出现了一个兴盛的局面。由于疆域的扩大、经济的发达、民族的融合，促进了文化艺术的发展，达到了一个空前繁荣时期，和别的文化发展一样，园林发展中出现了两个显著的特点，一是在苑囿的营建中注意了游乐和赏景的作用，如在殿宇建筑外，已注意到迭石造山，凿池引泉。布局关系也趋于融洽，使之形成优美的环境，发挥了休憩、游赏，甚至宴乐之功能，一是绘画技术的发展与造园艺术的发展的互相促进，如南朝梁·张僧怒擅长画山水，能“咫尺之间便觉万里之遥”，画家所提炼的构图、排列、层次和色彩，极大地丰宫了造园技巧，而且有的画家，自己就是一个杰出的造园专家，如诗人王维设计营建的“辆川园”。

中国园林形成时期最突出的成就是造园和文学、绘画的结合，大家所熟知的宋徽宗营建的“良岳”，也就是《水浒传》里“花石纲”的来历。这个御花园，山水美秀、林木畅茂，迭石树峰，又有宫殿亭阁，高低错落，迭山凿池，别出胜景，可称为唐宋时期中国古典园林的代表作，可惜已经在战火中夷为平地，在地面上永远地消失了。

(三)明清时期。中国古典园林的全盛时一期。北宋为辽金取代后，辽、金、元三代后先相继，在燕京一带兴修皇家园林。金代从开封拆运至中都大量的良岳花石，元代在建筑艺术中促进了国内各民族和东西方文化的交流，使我国各民族丰富奇特的建筑形式更添异彩。(如至今还能见到的十三世纪出于尼泊尔艺术家阿尼哥之手的北京妙应寺白塔等)。明代及清代初期，在中国园林发展史上是个辉煌的时期，达到了它的全盛时期。这有我们今天仍能亲眼目睹的很多实物实景所证明。这个全盛时期的园林，与过去时代所不同的，育三个方面的特点:(1)功能全，(2)形式多，(3)艺术化。兹为分述如卜:

(1)功能全:在各个历史时期的园休发展，卜，都有新增加的内容，至明济后大备，诸如听政、受贺、宴会、观戏、居住、园游、读书、礼佛、观赏、狩猎、种花等等，应有尽有，甚至为满足统治者的“雅兴”，还建有商业市街之景，如近年恢复的颐和园苏州街，以及圆明园原来的买卖街.包罗了帝王生括的全部活动，功能的多样花，自然扩大了园林的建筑营造规模，此其一。

(2)形式多。这里指的是作为园林重要组成部分的建筑而言，无论其为建筑群落组合，抑或单体建筑形色，其形式也是多种多样的。它既吸收了各地区的地方特点和各民族的民族风格，既有殿堂楼阁，又有幽尼佛寺;既有粉墙石垣，又有竹篱泥笆，灵活而多变，随处而点缀，这在‘红楼梦》中大观园也有非常生动的反映。在园林布局及布置方l厄则吸收r南北园林艺术的精华，因地制宜地加以汇聚，比如圆明三园的诸多景色中就再现了国内苏杭扬州等地著名园林的特点，谓之“移天缩地”亦不为过。

(3)艺术化。明济园林中占卞导地位的是园林建筑的高度艺术化，其景物、其凤格、其布局，移步借景，动静相兼等艺术美学理论的运川，已臻成热，各种建筑形式的风景景观的结合融为体，自水木石的精心安才i沁建筑植物的众从位粉，都起到了立体形象l，甚至在附属设施的样式、内部装修和环境色彩等方面也都得到统一的和谐的没计，体现了中国造园思想的高超境界。

试问，明清时期的中国园林建筑，共造园思想何以能达到如此发达的艺术水平，我认为有两个重要的标志。

第一，造园艺术理论有了划时代的总结性成果，即明代崇祯时江苏吴江人计成《园冶》一书的问世。过去，关于园林的设计(或叫“经营，，)原则、艺术技巧和实际建造经验，还只能在诗词、游记等文学作品中有片断描述，没有形成理论规律。但是《园冶》却是一部有关园林建筑的系统性的总结性的专门著作。全书共三卷，一卷为造园总论(’兴造论》、《“园说、)、选地(《相地》)、立基和各种单体建筑(屋宇堂轩)的形象范例，二卷讲各式栏杆及其式样;三卷讲「1窗、墙垣、铺地、造山、迭石、借景等，全书计三万多字，并有插图二百余幅。它反映了当时的园林面貌和造园艺术水平，而且一直对中国造园有指导意义，甚至可以说曹雪芹在《红楼梦》中创造的大观园也是根据这些理论来构建的。

第二，大批造园艺术家的诞生，如清代戏曲家李渔(笠翁)，在南北都有自己设计建造的住宅园林，以北京的芥子园最有名。杰出的造园家张南垣父子，更是园林史上的大家，不仅在苏扬等南方园林中有他们的遗构，北京北海公园取，就有他们的遗作可供欣赏。以他们的生存年代推算，我们有理由认为《红楼梦》中营建大观园的造园设计师“山子野”的原型，应该就是张氏父子了。